US inflation reaches a 3-year low as Federal Reserve prepares to cut interest rates
WASHINGTON — The post-pandemic spike in U.S. inflation eased further last month as year-over-year price increases reached a three-year low, clearing the way for the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates and likely shaping the economic debate in the final weeks of the presidential race.
Wednesday’s report from the Labor Department showed that consumer prices rose 2.5 percent in August from a year earlier, down from 2.9 percent in July. It was the fifth straight annual drop and the smallest since February 2021. From July to August, prices rose just 0.2 percent.
Excluding volatile food and energy costs, so-called core prices rose 3.2 percent in August from a year ago, the same as in July. On a month-to-month basis, core prices rose 0.3 percent, a slight pickup from July’s 0.2 percent increase. Economists closely watch core prices, which typically provide a better read of future inflation trends.
“Today’s report will add to confidence within the Fed that inflation is indeed on a sustainable path towards 2 percent,” the Fed’s target level, Carl Weinberg, chief economist at High Frequency Economics, wrote in a note to clients.
For months, cooling inflation has provided gradual relief to America’s consumers, who were stung by the price surges that erupted three years ago, particularly for food, gas, rent and other necessities. Inflation peaked in mid-2022 at 9.1 percent, the highest rate in four decades.
And Americans’ paychecks have risen steadily for the past three years. Overall incomes have even outpaced inflation for roughly the past 18 months, helping more households handle elevated prices. On Tuesday, the Census Bureau reported that the median inflation-adjusted household income rose 4 percent last year to above $80,000, essentially matching the 2019 peak.
Wednesday’s inflation figures followed a presidential debate Tuesday night in which former President Donald Trump attacked Vice President Kamala Harris for the price spikes that began a few months after the Biden-Harris administration took office, when global supply chains seized up and caused severe shortages of parts and labor.
During the debate, Trump falsely characterized the scope of the inflation surge when he claimed, “They had the highest inflation perhaps in the history of our country.” In 1980, inflation reached 14.6 percent — much higher than the 2022 peak.
A key reason for last month’s drop in overall inflation was the third drop in gas prices in the past four months: Average gas prices fell 0.6 percent from July to August and are down 10.6 percent from a year ago. And used cars fell 1 percent last month. Measured from a year earlier, used car prices have tumbled 10.4 percent.
Grocery prices were unchanged from July to August, extending a cool-down in food costs even though they remain much higher than they were three years ago. Over the past year, grocery prices have ticked up just 0.9 percent, similar to the pace of pre-pandemic food inflation.
Still, many Americans are taking steps to try to stretch their budgets. Kelsey Aubrey, who lives in North Palm Beach, Florida, and was shopping at the discount grocer Aldi on Tuesday, said she typically visits up to four or five stores in her search for the lowest grocery prices.
“We hop from store to store, trying to save where we can,” she said. “Our bills are still pretty high. And we’re working a ton to pay the bills.”
The tick-up in core inflation from July to August reflected an acceleration in housing costs and some spikes in the prices of air fares and hotel rooms, which are likely to prove temporary. Airline fares jumped 3.9 percent just from July to August after having dropped the previous five months. Hotel room prices climbed 1.8 percent last month.